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St. Mary’s Church, Nonington

Much of the following information is taken from a booklet published in 1938 by the then vicar, the Reverend Roger Bulstrode, who in turn used sources such as the Reverend Sidney Sargent’s ‘Brief Notes’ of 1912 and research undertaken by the Reverend Wilfred Powell, both previously vicars of St. Mary’s.

The parish church, dedicated to St. Mary the Virgin, has been the centre of faith and worship for more than 700 years. Nonington was originally a Chapelry of Wingham. On the foundation of Archbishop Peckham’s College at Wingham in 1282 it was made a separate parish, and served by a chaplain appointed and paid by the College. On the suppression of the College in 1547 all its property fell to the Crown. In 1558 Queen Mary granted patronage of the benefice, with that of the Chapel of Wymynswold, to Cardinal Pole, Archbishop of Canterbury. In 1596 Edward Boys, Esquire, of Fredville, bequeathed the small tithes to the Parson of Nonington and Wymynswold on condition that he should preach in Nonington at least once a fortnight. Wymynswold parish was later detached from Nonington in 1852.

St. Mary’s Church, just prior to the First World War. The roof of the forge building is visible to the right.
The Church, circa 1900, part of a thatched barn in Church Farm yard can be seen on the left.

Two views of the Church around 1800. In the fore ground of the sketch on the left, is what appears to be a set of  stocks, these are most likely the remains of a wooden burial headboard, a cheaper alternative to stone, but not as enduring.

St. Mary’s Church from a sketch made in October 1867. The forge appears to have changed little in seventy years.

On the south wall of the nave of the church is a list of incumbents of the parish researched and compiled by the Reverend Wilfred Powell (1926-1937)
 

1282  John de Cnoville

1485  James Bowes

1507  John Rogers

1509  Roger Tolus

1514  John Cooke

1518  John Grene

1524  Thomas Piers

1526  Robert Nayle (Naill, Nayler)

1557  John Robinson

1557  David Robson

1567  John Melvyn

1580  John Domerichte

1595  Willian Brownsmith

1607  William Tye

Anthony Field (d. 1626)

1611  James Hathway

1652  Samuel Wells

1695  William Lunn

1705  Edward Lunn

1765  Robert Greenall

1771  Bladen Downing

1818  Charles J. Burton

1821  Isaac Mossup

1835  Maurice H. Lloyd

1845  Thomas Harrison

1853  Matthew Enraght

1856  Algernon Coote

1871  Sholto Douglas

1873  Frederick S. C. Chalmers

1885  Frederick N. Carus Wilson

1889  John Piggott

1891  Sidney S. G. Sargent

1926  Wilfred |Roberts Powell

1937  Roger Bulstrode

Additional notes on previous incumbents listed on the board

1283 Galfridus de Nuningetun, ordained Deacon (Priest 1287).

1325 Theobald de Underdowne, Chaplain, grants 100 acres land and 40 acres pasture and 13s. rent in Goodnestone and Nonington to Thomas de Bonyngton.

1327-8 Stephen Esole, of Nonington, admitted to order of Acolytes.

1349 John Kemp, of Nonington, instituted priest to Sellindge.

** In the long gap of 200 years the names of certain clergy occur in connection with Nonington, but without evidence of their having charge of the Parish. They are-

1377 Richard Tonge ?.

1447 John de Stopindon held Ratling Canonry (died about 1447).

William and Edward Lunn, father and son, were also Rectors of Denton. Robert Greenall was also Vicar of Waldershare !

 

A brass memorial to John Cooke is in the Chancel and a mural tablet to Anthony Field (north of Chancel) extols his merits in Latin and English, with many plays upon his name, such as:-
‘Loe here lies a Field whom once the Lord hath blessed

With gifts of Nature learned arts and grace

The fragrant sweet smell of this most fruitful Field

A sweet remembrance of his name doth yield’.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Although he is here described as Gregis Christi Pastor, there is no conclusive evidence that Anthony Field was in fact vicar. James Hathway appears to have been re-appointed in 1626. Can he have been ejected, and his place taken pro tem by Anthony Field ?"

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A Boys family marriage settlement of 1626 contains an entry concerning a piece of land as follows: ‘To Anthonies ffields occupied by Anthonie ffields clerk’, it would appear Anthonie ffields was in fact parish clerk and may have taken over as vicar temporarily. From the 15th to late 17th centuries the Boys family were the main land owners in Nonington and neighbouring parishes. St. Mary’s contains some Boys family monuments.

Monuments and Memorials

The earliest memorial in the Church is the Flat Stone in the nave to ‘ John Hamon and Mary and Margaret his wives, 1526’. From that date a large number of memorials are found, both on the floor and walls, including four Hatchments or funeral panels, to the Hammond family, the last being that of Douglas William Hammond, 2nd Lieutenant of the 2nd Battalion of ‘The Buffs,’ who fell in action near Hooge in Flanders on May 24th, 1915, aged 18 ½ years.

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Mrs. Irma Hammond, wife of the late Captain Egerton Hammond, the last and mother of the above 2nd. Lt. D. W. Hammond, last legitimate male heir to St. Alban’s Court estate, gave, as a parting gift on leaving the parish after the sale of the St. Alban’s estate in 1938, electric light to the Church. Prior to the sale the Hammond family had for many years lived at Old Court House, now the Promise Centre, whilst renting out St. Alban’s Court mansion and parkland to tenants such as the Slazengers, of sporting goods fame, and the O’Briens, who bred German Shepherd dogs.

Her grand-daughters, Peta and Judy Hammond-Davies presented the electric clock then in the Vestry. The wrought iron lamp standard then standing by the St. Mary’s church-yard entrance gate had been made by Mr. L. Milward at the Bishopsbourne forge, which is still in existence and producing wrought iron work.

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AN INTERESTING BRASS

On the east wall of the Chancel is a monument of Bethersden marble containing two brass plates-an inscription , and above it a coat of arms. The inscription is in eight lines of black letter and runs thus:-

‘Alys the daughter and heyre of William Simpson Esquyer. Vice Marchall of Calys and Catherine Genicot: wife to Francis Wilsford neere, 35 yeares; (by whom she had 6 sonnes, 4 daughter): depted constantly in the fayth of Jesus Christ about the yeare of her age 59, Junii 30 A.D. 1581, who now resting in the Lord hath receaved the end of her fayth, wich ys the saluation of her soule. 1. Peter. 1 Verce. 9’.

The shield above is a fine example of artistic heraldry, and was recently found (circa 1937) to be ‘palimpsest’]i.e. an old brass that has been used a second time. When the back of the shield was examined it showed clearly to the expert eye that it formed part of a large Flemish brass of the sixteenth century, with foliage enclosing a plain centre such as one might expect to see on the margin of a large brass to carry the inscription. In the days when metal was expensive no doubt dealers often obtained and cut up old brasses in this way. Many of the missing brasses in our ancient Churches must have suffered a similar fate. But here is a point of special interest. Keen archaeologists have discovered two more pieces of the same Flemish Brass, showing identical foliage and lines. These are at Walkerne in Herts, and at Marsworth, ,Bucks. Both these brasses are dated 1583, a date so close to 1581 (the Nonington Shield), that we are well warranted in concluding that all three brasses are from the same London workshop that was using up a large Flemish brass, spoil from some monastic church in Flanders, plundered by the Puritans. A rubbing of the reverse is in the vestry.

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Reverend Bulstrode credits the previous description to an article by Mr. Ralph Griffin. F. S. A., in the Archaeologica Cantiana, Vol. XLVIII. 1936 (a copy of which was presented to the Vestry by Mr. H. W. Plumptre). He continues with detailed descriptions of other brasses in the Church.

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BRASS TO JOHN COOKE

Nonnington has only one other brass (except modern ones), a small strip on the chancel floor. The inscription runs as follows:-

‘Hic Jacet dominus Johannes Cooke quondam curat ecclesiae de Nonyngton qui obit septimo die Augusti mvc&xviii’.

The date is expressed in an usual way, the ‘ampersand’ (the modern & ) before the X being easily read by the careless as an x. The correct reading is ‘1500 and 18’.

John Cooke’s will was granted probate on October 31st, 1518. He bequeathed his best cloak to the rector of Chillenden, a book (Suma Angelica) to the Vicar of Wyngewold (Womenswold), and his bow to John Berry!" The above inscription translates as :-‘Here lies master John Cooke, formerly curate of the church of Nonington, who died the seventh day of August 1518’.

 

THE FLAT STONE IN THE NAVE

The design on this stone has completely disappeared , and the surrounding inscription has also been so worn away by the feet of the faithful (and, I am told, the builder’s rubbish during the Restorations [in the later part of the 19th century]) that only a few words are legible. In the Topographer, Vol III., published in 1791, the following description is given:-‘ Round the edge of a flat stone, having the figures of a man between his two wives traced on it this circumscription :

Orate pro aiabus Johis Hamon, Margarete et Margerie ejus uxoris qui qde Johes obiit IIII die Octobris Ano Dni MCCCCCXXVI(1526) quor’ aiabus ppicietur Deus. Amen’.

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The earliest Plumptre memorial is one to Elizabeth, widow of Polydore Plumptre, Esquire, Barrister, and daughter of Kingsmill Eyre, Esquire, March 1812 The reredos of alabaster, carved and inlaid with mosaic, with the Commandments painted on tiles, was designed by Mr. (later Sir) T. G. Jackson, and was the gift of Mr. C. J. Plumptre in 1892.

A LOST TREASURE

In the vestry is a drawing of an exceedingly fine brass (15th century ?) ‘from a tombstone in Nonington Church’, but nothing is known about it and it does not now exist. There are two figures, a knight in armour, with sword and dagger on his belt, and spurs: and his wife in a striking head-dress. The knight’s head is uncovered-perhaps denoting that he died peaceably, not on the battlefield. The heads of seven girls and six boys are seen below.

THE PAINTED GLASS

The only remains of painted glass in Nonington Church is in a window in the north aisle, a figure with two children behind. There was once a coat of arms in the east window of the Fredville chancel (described in the Topographer of1791) but this no longer exists.

THE ORGAN

(By Norman & Beard) was dedicated on May 1st, 1906, in memory of William Oxenden Hammond and Charles John Plumptre.

A pitch pipe, formerly used in the Church, is in the Vestry safe (in 1938).

THE FONT

Bears the date 1662. It is of no special interest, and doubtless took the place of an earlier font of which nothing is known.

THE PARISH REGISTER

The earliest Parish register is a vellum bound book of fifty parchment pages held in Canterbury Cathedral Archives, along with a 1930’s transcription. The earliest entry is the burial of Rowland Pattisonne of September 21st 1538, the year Thomas Cromwell ordered every parson to enter every Sunday the births, deaths and marriages of the previous week in the presence of one or both Church Wardens. Unfortunately, these entries were made on paper and very few survived for long, so in 1598 Queen Elizabeth I ordered such records should in future be made on parchment and subsequently parchment copies were made of the existing registers. Nonington’s register therefore dates from 1598 but official records actually began in 1538, the entries between these dates is in the same hand-writing.

The book bears the following inscription:- ‘ The Register of marriages, christenings and burialls in the parish of Nonington newly copied out Anno Dmi 1598 and in the 40th year of the Reigne of our Souvereigne Elizabeth by the grace of God Queene of England, France and Irland, Defender of the faith. Recorde Gulielmo Brownsmith Pastore et curato ibidem. Nascimur, Vivimus, Morimur. Nascimur et morimur quid enim fuit utile nasci’.

The last entry in this first register is in 1728/29. There is a gap between 1650, the year after the ‘murder’ of Charles I, until July 16th. 1657. A note was made in the Register ‘ A new register to be kept in the parish of Nonington the Justices beinge to marry and the Regisser to aske the 29th of Septr. This to be put in execution in the yeare 1653. A simple and silly practice’.

One gruesome entry reads as follows:-‘ 1607. June 22nd. JOHN HICKMORE a bachelor and a mason ript his owne bellie lyenge upon a bed at mother Goddins the Ale Wife by Nonnington Church which acte he did upon the Saturday about five of the Clock in the afternoon and he died on ye next day at noone." Qualis vita finis ita" a sort of rhyming motto meaning "As in his life, so his end"- a sad reflection on the tradegy recorded’.

The next register covers the years 1727 to 1812 and has inscribed on the cover: Mr. Daniel Wood churchwarden. Mr. Vincent Payne overseer of the poor of the parish of Nunington in Kent for the year 1726. This is also in the Cathedral Archives along with Parish Vestry and later Parish Council Records.

The Elizabethan Cup

Our cup, made in 1562 or 1563, is a very good specimen of the Elizabethan Communion cups of which 90 remain still in Kentish Churches. In other counties they were not adopted as early as in Kent-1562 is an early year. In many counties the old chalices were used until 1570, and Communion cups came in 1571-2 or later. The cover is inscribed 1591, but is without date letters. The bowl is very deep in proportion to the height of the cup, with the reeded ornament usual on Elizabethan cups. It often occurs between the stem and the foot as well as between the stem and the bowl. Our Other cups and flagons are plated: one alms plate of pewter and one paten or plate of silver dated 1729. The first mark on the silver plate is hard to decipher, but may be a flower. It is probably the maker’s mark. The other marks are (2) a lion passant, (3) date letter for 1729-30, (4) leopard’s head crowned.

The cup is held at Canterbury Cathedral and sometimes displayed in the Crypt. The copy of a sketch of the cup, the original is in the Kent Archaeological Society’s Archives, is unfortunately not dated and the artist is unknown.

Architectural Features

THE CHANCEL ARCH AND TYMPANUM

If you stand under the Chancel arch and look upwards, you will see the marks of nine mortice-holes, since filled in. And others, still open, are to be seen in the arch spanning the north isle. In the Middles Ages it was common practise to fill in the upper portion of the Chancel arch with a solid screen. This upper screen (or tympanum) would rest on the Rood screen or Rood loft, stretching across the Church, and might consist of wattle and laths, of canvas or boarding, attached to a timber frame-work hence the mortice-holes to secure the upper ends of the frame. The mark of a continuous groove is also visible in the Chancel arch.

On the screen might be painted a Crucifixion, a ‘doom’ (The Judgement Day with the saved and lost on the two sides), or even the Royal Arms. Apart from their value in religious teaching by pictures or design, these ‘tympana’ sometimes served the very practical purpose of shutting out some of the dazzling light from an enlarged east window, and so displayed to better advantage the Great Rood or Cross at the east end of the nave. (‘English Church Screens", by Aymer Vallance, devotes a chapter to the Tympanum and the Doom, and gives some illustrations of existing examples. Nonington is not mentioned). There is a Piscina on the south side of the sanctuary.

(‘A Piscina is a drain in a niche on the wall, usually surmounted by an arch and ornamented, if at all, in the same manner as doorways and arches of its period. It is usually on the south side of the chancel near the High alter).

THE NONNINGTON SCRATCH DIAL

A scratch dial was used by medieval parsons as a form of sundial to mark the times services of which there are about sixty in Kent. Many old country churches have one of these dials engraved on their south wall at about eye level. For the most part, all that remains to-day is a central hole with lines radiating from it, so we are not really sure what they originally looked like. It is possible that these lines were originally painted with the incised lines acting as permanent guides. Some dials have small holes in a circle or semi-circle round them which appear to have fulfilled the same purpose as the lines. Although a primitive form of time keeper in the days before clocks, it had one advantage in that it automatically registered summer and winter time which would have been ideally suited to an agricultural community. The Nonnington dial is of the transitional type and dates from the 14th or 15th centuries, to mark the time it has twelve small holes in a semi-circle around a larger central hole. The dial is now built into the stone work of one of the chancel windows to the east side of the lancet window to the right of the porch. The hours of six, nine and noon are clearly indicated by dots or dotted crosses marking the hours of services or devotions of pre-Reformation Vicars of Nonington. There are several circles visible in the porch, these may have been Consecration Crosses. Erosion has unfortunately partially erased some of those features of the scratch dial that were clearly visible in 1938, as in the photo, but much of it is still visible to-day.

A photograph of the dial taken in the 1930’s before modern pollution had begun to erode its features.

THE TOWER

The tower is Probably the oldest part of the Church (the hatching to be seen in the arch of the built-in doorway in the south wall of the knave may also be twelfth century). In the vestry may be seen two deep grooves cut by the bell ropes in the former south tower door, the ringer standing in the porch outside to ring the curfew or sanctus bell.

The Porch was built as part of the restoration of the Church in 1887.

THE BELLS

They are three in number, one of them being cracked and not used. They are inscribed as follows:-

(1) c 1400 Ora pro Nobis Sancta Katerina.

(2) 1683 James Hodgeson me fecit 1683. S Nash and Robert

Payner c. wardens.

(3) 1854 J Warner & Sons, Crescent Foundry, London, 1854.

An Old Toombe Stone

There is one very old head stone in the burial ground around the Church, for many years it has leaned against the sextons shed at the rear. It is memory of Mary Boulton, who died on January 9th 1690 aged 20.

 

Additional Reading:

‘A Walk - Round Guide to the Church of St. Mary the Virgin, Nonington, Kent’ - by Charles Coulson. Published by the Friends of Nonington Church - Available from the back of the Church.

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